Fleshy Structures Associated with Ovule Protection and Seed Dispersal in Gymnosperms: A Systematic and Evolutionary Overview

 Fleshy Structures Associated with Ovule Protection and Seed Dispersal in Gymnosperms: A Systematic and Evolutionary Overview

Figure 1. Illustration of some seed-associated fleshy structures found in selected gymnosperm species. Colors point out the different morphologies of the fleshy reproductive structures: (a–c) fleshy sarcotesta; (d,e) fleshy epimatium on a fleshy receptacle; (f) aril on a fleshy receptacle; (g) aril; (h) aril overgrowing from the base of the seed as a supra-integument; (i) best interpreted as an aril; (j) fusion of bract-scale complexes; (k) fleshy sarcotesta; (l) fleshy bracts.

資料來源:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07352689.2021.1938397