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6月 2017
樹木應力波 3D 結構儀器
樹木應力波 3D 結構儀器
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新北市府農業局人員
張振元
新北市府農業局綠美化環境景觀處秘書
被新北樹保委員會拒門外 民團怒批黑箱
建立於 2017/05/24
上稿編輯： 陳文姿
今（24）日上午新北市召開樹木保護委員會，討論樹保審議流程與樹木測量標準，恐怕影響目前受到保護的樹木個體，樹黨、土城護樹者聯盟、台灣樹人會等多個關心樹木的民間團體都要求與會，卻被阻擋在市府門口。
樹保團體在門口召開記者會並以行動劇的方式，高呼「行政指導架空樹保委員會」、「公民參與不保、樹木保護不保」等口號，對會議將公民拒於門外、無法參與直接討論表達不滿。
新北市府農業局綠美化環境景觀處秘書張振元代表接下陳情書。他表示，本次會議是審議流程的討論，並無討論民間提案，因此未開放民間參與。會後將公開紀錄並接受民意反映。但遭民團反嗆：「公文往返表達意見更慢，現在一起參與會議就是最快的方式！」
護樹團體抗議新北樹保委員會黑箱，農業局出面接受陳情。攝影：陳文姿
樹保靈不靈？ 民團上演「通靈少女」行動劇
《新北市樹木保護委員會設置要點》於2016年1月26日通過，今召開第二次會議，主要審議樹木保護委員會審議流程，以及榕樹類氣生根、板根樹木的胸高直徑量測方式等。樹黨、土城護樹者聯盟、台灣樹人會等七個關心樹保的民間團體，擔心審議流程與測量方式變更將影響個案，要求參與討論，卻被拒絕。
民團在新北市府前抗議表達不滿，舉著新北市轄內有爭議的樹保案件，抗議黑箱審查並演出行動劇，由「通靈少女」代表審查小組，以樹木擋住開發、都更、或落葉傷害學生為理由，一再阻擋樹木保護案件送審。
護樹團體請出通靈少女抗議樹保委員會開會黑箱。攝影：陳文姿
現場民眾試圖越過警察人牆前往開會未果，最後由張振元代表接下民間團體的陳情書。張振元表示，本次會議主要是審議流程訂定與樹木測量方式的確認，屬於樹保委員內部的工作，所以沒有開放民間參與；且今天的決議也尚非最終定案，將在會後公布會議紀錄並傾聽各方意見。
此番發言遭民團反嗆：「樹保會第一次會議也沒有通知！」、「現在一起參與會議就是最快的方式！」、「公民沒有參與實質討論怎麼修改？」
民團：對比柯P，朱立倫市府仍在「石器時代」
前樹黨黨主席潘翰疆批評，樹保委員會開會前並未通知民間社團、阻擋公民參與特定議程。此外，樹保委員會旁聽規則更直接參考都更審議委員會會場規則，限制只有所有權人、權利關係人才能參與樹保委員會並發言，此舉嚴重限縮公民參與的權力。
潘翰疆再批，新北市預計以「審查作業小組」、「會前會」等無法源依據之機關與程序來決定是否提報委員會審查，權力宛如太上皇。此舉將架空樹保委員會，使有爭議、無具體解決方式的個案均被退件。
今預計討論的審議流程，樹保團體憂心案件送樹保委員會前就被退件。
圖表來源：樹黨製表。
潘翰疆以台北市樹保委員會經驗為對照，指出台北市樹保會議可全程旁聽並登記發言；樹保委員會議、專案小組會議、幹事會議等會議記錄均上網公告。且台北市都會區受保護的樹木有兩千棵，可以透過照片與編號找到樹木清楚的資料。相較之下，新北市府資訊公開程度遠遠落後台北市太多，彷彿仍處「石器時代」。
民團：樹保標準愈嚴格，與樹保精神背道而馳
雖然今天樹保委員會不討論個案，但護樹團體擔憂，原則討論的結果將影響所有個案，「我們不反對設立審查標準，但是樹木受保護的標準不應該愈來愈嚴格，有違樹保的精神！」
以今天討論的榕樹氣生根、板根樹木胸高量測為例，新北根青年陣線吳柏偉說，新北市新店北新路的老榕的樹圍與樹高已經達到原訂樹木保護自治條例保護標準，倘若今天會議後標準變更，原本已受到保護的樹木將失去保護。吳柏瑋更質疑原先本週市府將派員會勘新店老榕樹，市府為了本週的樹保會議，刻意拖延會勘。
護樹團體於新北市府門口抗議樹保委員會開會黑箱。攝影：陳文姿
黃慕儀
新北市政府環境景觀處景觀技士
| 日 期：2016-04-05 發布單位：教務處 類 別： 標 題：業師協同教學：造園學(園藝系) |
謝宏偉 新北市景觀處處長
搶救樹林百年老茄苳樹 護欄隔離改良土壤
2017-06-02
15:11
〔記者何玉華／新北報導〕樹林火車站前兩株百年的茄苳老樹附近地面，有大量腳踏車輛停放，農業局景觀處例行巡視發現後，著手進行鬆土、施肥等棲地改善作業，並以繩結護欄隔離，景觀處處長謝宏偉呼籲民眾，避免踩踏及擺放重物，讓老樹健康生存。
樹林火車站前兩株百年的老樹，棲地一度遭大量腳踏車輛停放，影響健康。（新北市政府農業局提供）
農業局景觀處透過鬆土、施肥及改良土壤，搭配繩結等自然材料護欄隔離，保護老樹棲地。（新北市政府農業局提供）
景觀處年初為老樹巡查健檢時，發現茄苳樹的棲地因民眾踩踏及停放機踏車輛，造成土壤夯實，將使根系氣體及營養交換受阻、根系受壓迫與傷害，恐影響樹木生長；經觀察兩株老茄苳的樹勢，明顯不如往年，有衰弱的跡象，隨即與專家學者商討改善方法。
謝宏偉說，透過鬆土、施肥及改良土壤，運用兼具生態環保考量的木柱，搭配繩結等自然材料護欄隔離，再種植細葉雪茄花，避免民眾及機踏車輛進入，也能改善市容景觀；他表示，要給予樹根足夠的生長空間及棲地保護，樹木才會生長良好，提醒民眾避免在棲地上踩踏及擺放重物。
工業頭盔 EN397標準
工業頭盔 EN397標準
5kg的半球形表面的撞擊器從特1公尺高度下落到頭盔上，最大傳輸力不能超過5
Kn。
重量為3kg是尖的錐體，從1公尺的高度落下，不破裂，可以保護頭部。
頰帶在的最小寬度必須為10毫米，並連接到外殼或頭帶上。
EN
397: 2012
Industrial helmets
Impact / Shock Absorption
Where
helmets are of the type intended to protect a static user from
predominantly falling hazards, a series of impact tests are carried
out using a fixed headform, with a falling mass striker. The helmet
under test is placed onto a suitably-sized (and dimensioned)
headform, mounted on top of a load cell, which in turn is mounted to
a rigid (and monolithic) base. A striker, in this case with a
hemispherical surface, of a suitable mass (5 kg) is dropped onto the
helmet from a specific height (1 metre). The force transmitted
through the helmet is measured using the load cell beneath the
headform, and recorded onto a graph. For a helmet to meet the
requirements of EN 397, the maximum transmitted force, after suitable
signal conditioning, cannot exceed 5 kN. This test is carried out on
several helmet samples, following pre-conditioning to high
temperature, low temperature, water immersion and UV ageing. There is
also the option to expand the temperature range for the
pre-conditioning if claimed by the manufacturer.
Penetration
Industrial
helmets are tested to ensure they offer sufficient protection against
sharp or pointed objects. The test is based on a method similar to
the shock absorption test, in that a striker is dropped from a set
height onto the helmet fitted to a fixed headform. However, in this
case, the striker is a pointed cone (of mass 3 kg, dropped from a
height of 1 metre), and rather than measure the transmitted force,
the assessment is based on whether the striker makes contact with the
headform underneath the helmet. This can be carried out using
indicator material (e.g. plasticine or soft metal) on the headform
itself, or by establishing electrical contact between the striker and
headform (where if the striker contacts the headform, a circuit is
complete which sounds an alarm). As with the impact testing, this is
carried out on helmets pre-conditioned to high temperature, low
temperature, water immersion and UV ageing.
Design Requirements
Most
specifications for protective helmets include a number of
requirements for the design of a helmet in addition to the specific
performance requirements. These typically encompass the area of
coverage provided by the helmet, as well as the field of vision
afforded to the user when worn. They can also cover a number of
ergonomics and safety-based requirements, such as clearance between
the head and the shell of the helmet (particularly in the case of
industrial helmets).
Chin strap anchorage
Helmets
can only protect when retained on the head, therefore, a chin strap
may be supplied to ensure retention in typical workplace conditions.
EN 397 requires that either the helmet shell or the headband is
fitted with a chinstrap or with the means of attaching one, i.e.
anchorage points. Any chinstrap supplied must have a minimum width of
10 mm when un-tensioned and be attached either to the shell or to the
headband.
The
strength of the strap anchorage(s) should be sufficient to enable any
attached chin strap to hold the helmet on the head but not so great
that the strap would become a strangulation hazard. In the method for
measuring chin strap anchorage strength specified in EN 397 the
helmet is mounted onto a suitably sized headform and the chin strap
passed around an artificial jaw. A tensile force is then applied to
the artificial jaw at a rate of 20N/min until the artificial jaw is
released, due to failure only of the anchorage(s). The standard
requires that the force at which this occurs shall be no less than
150 N and no more than 250 N.
Optional Tests
EN
397 includes a number of optional test on helmets where additional
protection is claimed. Helmets can claim protection against very high
or very low temperatures, splashes of molten metal, electrical
voltages up to 440 V, and lateral deformation. Each of these
categories include tests to prove the helmet’s suitability for
protection against these hazards.
ANSI Z133-2012 – Safety Requirements for Arboricultural Operations 美國樹木行業安全操作標準
ANSI Z133-2012 – Safety Requirements for Arboricultural Operations
美國樹木行業安全操作標準
Proposed
Revisions – Public Review: 24 June – 8 August 2016
3
GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
3.1
General
Revised
Section 3.1.3 Employers shall require that appropriate safety-related
work working practices be followed in accordance with applicable OSHA
and consensus standards, including, but not limited to such as ANSI
and ASTM., and As applicable, manufacturers’ recommendations should
be followed. See Section 5 for specific standards regarding vehicles
and mobile equipment.
3.2
Emergency Procedures and Readiness Revised Section 3.2.2 A first-aid
kit that meets the requirements of ANSI Z308.1 with contents
appropriate for the type of work and number of workers shall be
provided and maintained by the employer at the worksite. Arborists
and other workers shall be instructed in its use and specific
location. The employer shall provide and maintain a first-aid kit
that meets the requirements of ANSI Z308.1, with contents appropriate
for the type of job and number of workers.
Revised
Section 3.2.5 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid
training shall be provided. For field crews involving two or more
workers at a work location, at least two workers trained in first
aid/CPR shall be available. However, only one trained person need be
available if all new employees are trained in first aid within three
months of their hiring dates.
3.3
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Revised Section 3.3.2 The
employer shall assess the worksite to determine if hazards are
present or are likely to be present and what type of personal
protective equipment is required. This assessment will be used to
determine the type of personal protective equipment that may be
required for employee protection.
3.4
Job Briefing and Worksite Set-up New Section 3.4.2 Before underground
work is performed, underground utilities shall be marked by
utility-locating services. New Section
3.4.2.1
Many utility-based locating services will not locate privately owned
underground lines, such as, but not limited to, irrigation,
electrical wires, and propane lines. Further resources or research
may be necessary to locate underground utilities on private
properties.
New
Section 3.4.4 Before commencing operations, a communication protocol
shall be established or reviewed between arborists aloft and
personnel working on the ground. Verbal communication by voice or
radio shall employ a command and response (C&R) protocol. “Stand
Clear” as the “C” from aloft and “Clear” as the “R”
from the ground are examples. Hand signals or whistles may also be
used. Eye contact with, or line-of-sight between, the arborist aloft
and the ground person should also be established when communicating.
Revised
Section 3.4.5 The arborist in charge shall establish a plan to safely
manage the worksite. Communications among arborists aloft and other
workers on the ground shall be established before commencing
operations. Predetermined, non-verbal communication such as whistles,
two-way hand signals, or radios may also be used. (b) designate a
visible drop zone for ground workers to safely avoid falling objects
New
Section 3.4.6 A visible drop zone may be designated as an aid to
avoidance of falling objects.
Deleted
Section 3.4.4 Communications among arborists aloft and other workers
on the ground shall be established before commencing operations. The
command “stand clear” from aloft and the response “clear”
from the ground are terms that may be used for this purpose.
Arborists and other workers entering or returning to the drop zone
shall be acknowledged by arborists aloft.
Deleted
Section 3.4.6 A visual hazard assessment, including a root collar
inspection, shall be made by a qualified arborist and shall be
performed prior to working in or on a tree.
New
Section 3.4.8 A qualified arborist shall visually inspect the tree,
including the root collar, and the area immediately surrounding the
tree for hazards before anyone climbs, otherwise enters, or performs
any work on the tree.
Revised
Section 3.4.9 If readily-identifiable warning signs such as fruiting
bodies, conks, dead sections, sloughing bark and/or cavities, are
detected visually, the qualified arborist shall then take further
steps to determine if the tree is safe enough to work on. proceed to
sound the area(s) with a mallet or perform some other test (e.g.,
drilling/probing) to determine if the tree is safe in which to climb
and perform work.
Revised
Section 3.4.9.1 Work shall not commence until a qualified arborist is
available to make the determination. If there is question as to the
condition of the tree, relative to the task to be performed, work
shall not commence until a more thorough assessment can be made
3.6
Fire Protection
Revised
Section 3.6.3 Flammable liquids shall be stored, handled, and
dispensed from approved and clearly marked containers.
4
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
4.1
General New Section 4.1.1 4.1.1 All applicable requirements in
Section 3 shall apply to this section.
Revised
Section 4.1.2 4.1.2 The employer shall train each employee that all
overhead and underground electrical conductors, guy wires, pole
grounds and communication wires and cables, and guy wires shall be
considered energized with potentially fatal voltages.
Revised
Section 4.1.8
4.1.8
While climbing, the arborist should climb on the side of the tree
that is away from energized electrical conductors while maintaining
the required distances from their body, gear, and conductive tools
shown in Table 1, 2, or 3, as applicable. Arborists should climb on
the side of the tree that is away from the energized electrical
conductors.
New
Section 4.1.9 4.1.9 Climbers’ body, gear, and conductive tools
shall be maintained at the required distance shown in Table 1, 2, or
3, as applicable.
Revised
Section 4.1.10 4.1.10 The climber’s tie-in position point should be
above the worksite climber’s work position and located in such a
way that a slip would swing the arborist away from any energized
electrical conductor or other identified hazard.
Revised
Section 4.1.14 4.1.14 If aerial devices move closer than the required
minimum approach distance (MAD) workers must adhere to, workers on
the ground shall move away and remain clear of the aerial device
vehicle and attached equipment (e.g., stop chipping) until the
required MAD is established due to the possibility of step and touch
potential hazards. If the distance between the aerial device and
energized conductor is unintentionally less than the required MAD,
workers on the ground shall move away and remain clear of the aerial
device vehicle and attached equipment (e.g., stop chipping) until the
required MAD is reestablished, due to hazards of step and touch
potential.
4.2
Working in Proximity to Electrical Hazards – Incidental Line
Clearance (1910 Subpart S) Revised Section 4.2.2
4.2.2
Workers shall be trained on safety-related work practices that
protect employees against the voltage level to which they are
exposed. 4.3 Working in Proximity to Electrical Hazards – Utility
Line Clearance (1910.269)
Deleted
Section 4.3.5 4.3.5 For field crews involving two or more workers at
a work location, at least two workers trained in First Aid/CPR shall
be available. However, for line-clearance operations, only one
trained person need be available if all new employees are trained in
first aid within 3 months of their hiring dates.
Revised
Section 4.3.11 4.3.11 Qualified line-clearance arborists and
line-clearance arborist trainees shall maintain minimum approach
distances from energized electrical conductors in accordance with
Table 23.
Revised
Section 4.3.12 4.3.12 If the minimum approach distance (shown in
Table 23) cannot be maintained with the use of insulated tools during
the arboricultural operations, the qualified line-clearance arborist
shall request that the electrical system owner’s/operator’s
designated supervisor in charge coordinate communications and
operations between the electrical system owner/operator and the
qualified line-clearance arborist to mitigate the electrical hazard.
Mitigation options should include all safe, OSHA-compliant, and
practical work methods, and, where necessary, de-energizing, testing,
isolating, and grounding the electrical conductors by the electrical
system owner/operator (see Annex H). The designated electrical system
owner/operator employee and the designated qualified line-clearance
arborist in charge shall confirm that protective ground(s) have been
installed as close as practical to the line clearance work to be
performed to prevent hazardous differences in electrical potential.
資料來源:
護目鏡安全標準 ANSI Z87
護目鏡安全標準 ANSI Z87
重量500克，127公分落下
ANSI
Z87.1 test procedure describes the criteria for safety eyewear to
protect the eyes and face from impact injuries. This standard covers
all types of protector configurations including eye glasses, safety
goggles, face shields, welding goggles, welding masks and more. ANSI
Z87.1 was created to protect eyewear users from hazards such as
impact, optical radiation, liquid splash, dust and fine particles.
TestResources offers mechanical testing equipment to address most of
the impact tests specified in ANSI Z87.1l including Test 5.2.1 Drop
Ball Impact Resistance, Test 6.2.2 High Mass Impact Test, Test 9.6
Drop Ball Test, and Test 9.11 High Mass Impact Test.
Equipment Required
High
Mass Impact Test
A TestResources Pointed Projectile Test Machine which drops a special
weighted and pointed projectile, weighing 500grams (17.6 oz). The test machine has an adjustable dropping height for the recommended 127 cm (50 inch) drop. This is useful to adjust for future testing needs as well. The projectile is guided precisely within a plastic tube.
A TestResources Pointed Projectile Test Machine which drops a special
weighted and pointed projectile, weighing 500grams (17.6 oz). The test machine has an adjustable dropping height for the recommended 127 cm (50 inch) drop. This is useful to adjust for future testing needs as well. The projectile is guided precisely within a plastic tube.
Drop
Ball Impact Test
This test can be performed with the same Drop Test machine at the recommended test height of 127 cm (50 inch). The fixture suspends the ASNI Z87.1 1 inch (25.4mm) diameter steel ball with a magnetic hold, released with a touch of a button.
This test can be performed with the same Drop Test machine at the recommended test height of 127 cm (50 inch). The fixture suspends the ASNI Z87.1 1 inch (25.4mm) diameter steel ball with a magnetic hold, released with a touch of a button.
TestResources
engineers can also configure test equipment and fixtures for other
tests required from ANSI Z87.1 including High Velocity Impact and
Penetration Test. TestResources can also provide the ANSI/ISEA
certified headform specified in Annex B of ANSI Z87.1. . By means of
our testing expertise and modular product design, we will help find
the solution that is right for you. Give our test engineers a call
today for help configuring the best test machine and accessories
according to your standard.
資料來源:
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