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亞馬遜的「空中河流」——一場正在改變整個南美洲的隱形危機

自從我第一次聽說「空中河流（Flying Rivers）」這個現象後，就再也忘不掉，也忍不住跟每個人提起——無論他們有沒有興趣聽。

亞馬遜雨林擁有獨特的水循環系統：它不斷地將自身的降雨再生為新的降雨。水氣從大西洋一路被風帶向安地斯山脈，再往南移動，為南美洲乾旱地區提供珍貴的水源——支撐著我們賴以生存、甚至奢侈的食物生產。

然而，#森林砍伐（#deforestation） 危機正讓這個生態奇蹟一步步走向崩潰。當這個系統垮掉時，不只是亞馬遜，整個大陸——甚至更遠的地方——都將感受到後果。

最新研究指出，#原住民土地（#IndigenousLands） 是守護這一切的關鍵。這些仍然保有完整森林的地區，是防止亞馬遜水循環崩潰的最後防線。

最諷刺的是，農業 成為了森林砍伐的最大推手——尤其是**#畜牧業（#livestock farming）與現金作物，如#大豆（#soy）**和甘蔗的擴張。而當降雨開始減少時，受影響最嚴重的，正是這些產業本身。

這聽起來是不是很荒謬？
那些掌控農業決策的大型跨國企業，當然知道風險的存在。
但他們也知道——當南美洲的利潤不再誘人時，他們的資金可以輕易轉移到別的地方。

他們的資本能離開，
但小農、以及生活在這片土地上的人們，卻無處可逃。

 

The Amazon's Flying Rivers - ever since I heard about this phenomena, I can't stop telling people about it, whether they are interested or not.

The Amazon constantly recycles its rainfall into new rainfall, the water masses moving from the Atlantic towards the Andes then south, providing much of the drier regions in South America with the water for essential and 'not so essential' food production. A never ending 主題標籤#deforestation crisis in this unique ecosystem pushes it ever closer to collapse and with it, it's unique water cycle. The results will be felt across the continent and beyond as many previous studies have shown.
This new study now highlights the crucial role of 主題標籤#IndigenousLands that, with their often still intact forest landscapes, act as the main stronghold against this collapse to unfold.
The ironic part in this unfolding drama is the role of agriculture - it is the driver number 1 of 主題標籤#deforestation in Brazil, mainly due to the expansion of 主題標籤#livestock farming and cash crops such as 主題標籤#soy and sugar cane. These will also be the sector suffering massively from rainfall becoming scarce. Sounds stupid, yes. The only explanation I can think of, is that those deciding over agriculture in Brazil, big, globally operating conglomerates, certainly know about the risks. But they also know that their capital can be put to 'good use' elsewhere, once profit margins in South America start to become less convincing.
Their capital can move on - small farmers, most people living in the region, can't.

 

資料來源:

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Maik MarahrensMaik Marahrens