Archive for 2024

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椴樹修剪前後

昨晚，在美麗的義大利豐塔內利切市政廳內，舉辦了一場有關城市樹木管理和養護正確實踐的宣導與教育活動。活動內容深入探討了錯誤做法在短期、中期和長期內對樹木造成的影響，並透過實例提供具體說明。我們也介紹了專業的樹藝師這一職業，以及他們必須擁有的認證，才能為品質提供全面保障。

活動中特別針對歐洲大道（省道蒙塔納拉）上80棵椴樹的修剪計劃進行了詳細說明。這些椴樹正在接受多年的穩定性評估與修剪管理計劃。

本週展開的第一批修剪作業，旨在解決過去多年多次進行“截頂修剪”所引發的問題。第二張幻燈片左圖中綠色虛線表示第一次截頂修剪的範圍，目的是誘導反覆生長。之後，修剪管理轉變為“柳樹頭”形式（黃色虛線）。在拋棄這種管理形式後，選擇了一兩根粗大的主幹進行再度截頂（橙色虛線），並在約十年前進行了最後一次截頂（紅色虛線）。這些修剪操作造成了嚴重後果，包括：

1. 光合作用與激素活動的下降，導致樹木能量和分支結構受損；

2. 切口部位廣泛的腐爛，並產生無序的再生枝條（見第二張幻燈片右圖）。

這些重複的截頂修剪，使得樹木提前進入老齡階段（依據皮埃爾·雷姆博的第9階段分類），再加上其生長環境（360°被柏油路圍繞），使得樹木的生長能量非常不利。

因此，我們選擇在樹木休眠期進行修剪，希望利用春季萌芽時期的活力，促進健康的再生枝條，並為未來的修剪計劃打下基礎。

此次操作主要包括三個方面：

1. 清理乾枯、衰弱和受損的枝條；

2. 提升樹冠高度，以符合交通規定（距離路面至少4米，行人區域至少2.5米）；

3. 修整樹冠，選擇生長較好的分支，對截頂後的主幹進行減量修剪，並在合適位置進行回縮修剪（第三張幻燈片中紅色和橙色虛線標記的區域）。

整個過程中，操作人員使用高空作業平台，繩索工人進行細節處理，地面有兩名人員協助交通疏導和廢料清理。

修剪後，移除的枝葉量視情況佔樹冠總量的10%-20%。雖然對老年樹木而言這是一個較大的比例，但由於截頂修剪導致的結構損壞和植株環境限制，這些措施無法避免。

最後，我代表我的團隊感謝豐塔內利切市政府，讓理論付諸實踐，為公共資產——這些椴樹——提供正確管理，既滿足了樹木的需求，也兼顧了居民的利益。

Ieri sera nella bellissima cornice del Comune di Fontanelice, si è svolta una serata divulgativa e conoscitiva delle corrette pratiche di gestione e cura degli alberi in ambiente urbano e delle conseguenze che hanno le scorrette pratiche nel breve, medio e lungo periodo sugli alberi entrando nel merito con esempi pratici e tangibili. Ci siamo soffermati anche su quali sono le figure specializzate in tale ruolo, ovvero gli arboricoltori, e le certificazioni che devono essere in possesso per garantire una piena e totale garanzia di qualità.

A tal riguardo ci siamo soffermati per buona parte del tempo a spiegare la ratio degli interventi su ben 80 esemplari di Tigli posti su Corso Europa (aka Strada Provinciale Montanara).

Questi Tigli sono posti all'interno di un programma pluriennale di valutazione di stabilità e interventi cesori.

Il primo intervento che è partito questa settimana ha come compito quello di risolvere le problematiche dettate da un concorso di "più capitozzature" perpetrato negli anni passati come enuncia la seconda slide nella foto a sinistra: la linee tratteggiate verde indica la prima capitozzatura per indurre un processo anticipato reiterativo sui quali viene impostata la gestione a "Testa di Salice" (linea tratteggiata gialla); abbandonata la forma di gestione in forma obbligata vengono selezionati anni addietro uno o due grossi tronchi che a loro volta vengono capitozzati (linea trattegiata arancione) e nuovamente capitozzati (linea tratteggiata rossa) circa una decina di anni fa. Le ultime due capitozzature sono state eseguite su diametri variabili sui 15/20cm inducendo non solo un crollo dell'attività fotosintetica (ergo energia) e ormonale (ergo gerarchizzazione delle ramificazioni), ma anche carie estese sui punti di taglio dove si dipana in maniera anarchizzata e incoerente da un punto di vista meccanico la nuova vegetazione (seconda slide, foto a dx). Queste reiterate capitozzature hanno tra l'altro catapultato le alberature in stadi prossimi alla vecchiaia (stadio 9 Pierre Raimbault) e anche complice il contesto nel quale i Tigli sono a dimora (tornelli su asfalto a 360°) versano in condizioni energetiche non favorevolissime.

Da qui l'intenzione di lavorare queste alberature nel periodo di risposo vegetativo in modo da "sfruttare" il risveglio vegetativo a nostro vantaggio avendo un incipit maggiore a livello di "esplosione vegetativa", garantendo nuova vegetazione arretrata e coordinata per essere luogo di nuovi interventi in divenire coerentemente con il programma pluriennale di ristrutturazione delle alberature in oggetto.

Le operazioni svolte sono state sostanzialmente tre: una rimonda della vegetazione secca, deperita e compromessa, una elevazione di impalcatura coerente con il Codice della Strada (almeno 4 m dal piano stradale e 2,5 m dalla zona pedonale) e una ristrutturazione della chioma, ovvero la selezione dei reiterati traumatici meglio inseriti e disposti sui tronchi capitozzati e sul fusto, applicando sugli stessi una riduzione attraverso la selezione tra tronchi equivalenti (terza slide elisse tratteggiata in rosso) e laddove avevamo branche o tronchi metamorfizzati in branche un taglio di ritorno su epitoni arretrati (terza slide elisse tratteggiata in arancione).

Il tutto viene condotto su PLE, un operatore su fune e due operatori a terra sia per le opere di movieraggio sulla strada e di smaltimento del materiale di risulta.

La vegetazione asportata è all'interno di una forbice a seconda dei casi tra il 10 e il 20%, quantitativi già di per sè alti per alberature che si trovano in uno stadio di vecchiaia, ma che a causa della vegetazione inserita male o palesemente compromessa a causa della capitozzatura e del contesto (l'elevazione di impalcatura aumenta la vegetazione asportata) non vede alternative.

Ringrazio a nome mio e della mia squadra l'amministrazione comunale di Fontanelice per dar modo alle parole di diventare fatti. Che un bene pubblico, ovvero le alberature in oggetto, venga gestito correttamente andando incontro sia alle esigenze dell'albero ma anche a quelle della popolazione.

資料來源 :

FB Tedioli Stefano

伊利的倫敦梧桐保育計劃

確保英國最大倫敦梧桐的未來

History is clearly important to those of us interested in the Great London Plane of Ely and heritage trees in general, and this image is particularly relevant. It was found in a collection of old glass plate photographs in Ely Cathedral, and shows the tree against a backdrop of the Old Palace and the cathedral itself. The name of the photographer and precise date of the image are unknown, but given that this type of photography fell out of common use in the early 20th century, this image must have been taken at least 100 years ago. The prominent limb in the foreground is the one that parted from the tree in 1937.

This photo was taken in February 2024 and makes an interesting comparison with the glass plate image. It shows the pond resulting from the natural spring that nourishes the fine collection of trees and plants flourishing within the palace gardens.

Artists were inspired by the tree's imposing presence, creating an impressive variety of artworks.

Taken in August, this image illustrates the new season growth and vitality of the tree. The white rope delineates the accessible area of the garden, preventing root-plate compaction.

Image shows the scale of Ely’s London plane, taken in August 2024.

Experts from the UK and beyond discussing the future of Ely's London plane, July 2024.

這篇文章是短篇系列的第一篇，記錄了一棵歷史遺產樹的管理者如何與英國和歐洲頂尖的樹藝專家合作，學習創新技術以照顧這棵歷史悠久的老樹。接下來的文章將由巴查姆樹木公司的基思·薩克（Keith Sacre）共同撰寫，深入探討保育計劃、進行的工作以及確保樹木長期健康的成果。

本文主角是伊利的大倫敦梧桐，位於舊主教宮殿（Old Bishop’s Palace）的花園內。這裡現在是國王學院伊利高中部中心所在地。這棵樹具有極高的歷史價值，已有超過350年的樹齡，被公認為英國最大且最古老的倫敦梧桐之一。

歷史背景

這棵樹約於1674年種植，據說是查理二世國王贈送給伊利主教彼得·甘寧（Peter Gunning）的禮物，當時此類樹木象徵著地位與影響力。種植時這棵樹可能已有5至10年的樹齡。它是東方梧桐（Platanus orientalis）和美國二球櫟（Platanus × hispanica）的雜交種，這一雜交組合首次於1663年前後記錄，據說是在著名植物學家和皇家園丁Tradescant家族的倫敦蘭貝斯花園中誕生的。這使得伊利的這棵樹被認為是英國最早的倫敦梧桐之一。

在2002年女王金禧慶典期間，這棵樹因其歷史重要性被樹木委員會（Tree Council）列入《50棵英國偉大樹木》的名單，成為書中唯一一棵上榜的倫敦梧桐。

保護與傳承

2013年，巴查姆樹木公司與大衛·約翰遜（David Johnson）合作，從這棵樹上採集枝條進行繁殖。如今，它的後代已種植於邱園皇家植物園、諾福克的桑德靈漢姆莊園、薩福克的丹斯頓廳和帕拉姆廳，以及格洛斯特郡的斯通豪斯（靠近樹藝協會總部）。伊利舊主教宮殿的花園內也種植了一些子樹，可近距離觀賞這棵巨樹的「子孫」。這些樹被命名為「伊利梧桐」，繼承了原始基因。

樹木健康與保育

這棵倫敦梧桐依然健康旺盛，今年顯示出豐富的新季節生長。然而，由於早期安裝的纜索固定已使用多年，樹木管理者與專家們合作，評估未來的最佳管理方式。經過多次會議，他們採用了樹木形態生理學的調查方法，以全面了解樹木需求，制定長期健康維護計劃。

2024年7月，專家團隊進行了全樹形態生理學調查，提出了細緻的保育計劃，包括安裝帶有動態元素的新型纜索固定系統，讓樹木能夠自然運動。此外，還制定了多年的精細修剪計劃，確保樹木的持續生長與健康。

創新監測與研究

劍橋大學工程系為這棵樹安裝了加速度計，實時監測其運動幅度與頻率，分析各種天氣條件下的樹木行為。這一數據將用於對比纜索固定前後的影響，並模擬樹木的結構動力學，為後續研究提供基礎。

國家遺產與社區資源

這棵樹得益於其花園不對公眾日常開放，避免了過多的人為和動物活動干擾。管理者也認識到這棵樹不僅是國家遺產，還是社區的珍貴資產，因此安排特殊活動向公眾開放。例如，歷史悠久的伊利之旅包括舊主教宮殿花園的參觀。2024年8月，一場藝術周末活動吸引了75位藝術家前來創作與樹木相關的藝術作品，活動甚至被BBC廣泛報導。

這棵樹代表著歷史與自然的融合，其壯麗與生命力將持續激勵後人。

Conservation of Ely’s London plane

Securing the future of the biggest London plane in the UK

This is the first in a short series of articles giving an account of how the custodians of a heritage tree came to meet some of the leading arboricultural experts from across the UK and Europe, and learnt the best way to care for a historically important veteran tree using innovative techniques.

Subsequent articles, co-authored with Keith Sacre of Barcham Trees, will delve into the conservation plans, works undertaken and outcomes that will ensure the tree's continued good health long into the future.

The tree in question is the Great London Plane Tree of Ely. It is situated in the gardens of the Old Bishop's Palace, which is the location of King's Ely Sixth Form Centre. The tree is of great historical significance and at well over 350 years old is recognised as the largest single London plane in the UK, and one of the oldest.

It was planted around 1674 and is believed to have been a gift from King Charles II to Peter Gunning, Bishop of Ely, when such a tree was regarded as an important indicator of status and influence. It was likely to have been between 5 and 10 years old when it was planted in the position where it stands today. A hybrid of the oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) and American sycamore (Platanus x hispanica) that was first noted in about 1663, the hybrid cross is thought to have occurred in the Lambeth gardens of the Tradescants, the great 16th- and 17th-century botanists and royal gardeners. Ely's is, therefore, believed to be one of the UK's original London planes.

In recognition of its historical significance, the tree was identified as being one of the top 50 Great British Trees by the Tree Council in Jon Stokes' excellent book, as part of the celebrations for the Queen's Golden Jubilee in 2002. It is the only London plane on the list.

In 2013, working together with David Johnson from Barcham Trees, cuttings were taken and now the tree's offspring are growing in the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, at Denston Hall and Parham Hall in Suffolk, in Stonehouse, Gloucestershire (near the Arboricultural Association's offices) and in the Old Bishop's Palace gardens within sight of its parent. Barcham Trees also has several saplings growing in its new arboretum. The trees are designated as 'Ely Planes', propagating the DNA strain from the original.

The Old Palace dates from the 1480s, and it was home to the Bishop of Ely from 1486 until 1941. The building has seen plenty of history, including being used as a prison for Catholic recusants from 1588 to 1597. The fathers and other relatives of some leading figures of the failed 1605 Gunpowder Plot were even imprisoned here. The Red Cross took over the building in 1941, initially as a hospital for wounded servicemen, then as a school for disabled children. In 1983 the Sue Ryder charity occupied the Old Palace as a care home and remained until 2010. King's Ely then took over the building, leasing it and the grounds from the Church Commissioners and opening it as the school's Sixth Form Centre in 2012 following a very extensive and sympathetic restoration.

The London plane itself has certainly seen a lot of history. Many adults and children have sought respite from the sun in the shade of its crown, enjoyed picnics at the foot of the enormous trunk, and been graced by its majesty. To this day many people experience an emotional response to the tree when in its presence.

On Sunday 25th July 1937 at around 9am, with the sound of 'a report like a cannon', a limb fell from the tree, as reported in the local Ely paper at the time.

Fortunately no one was in the garden. Cable bracing between the main limbs was subsequently installed in the 1940s. Additional bracing was added in the 1980s, and more has since been installed since the school took over custodianship.

As custodians of the tree within an estate that covers around 75 acres which has many veteran trees and Grade I listed buildings, we recognise the responsibilities that come with caring for heritage assets. King's Ely has the largest collection of medieval buildings that have been in continuous use in the UK. The community of trees in the Old Palace gardens includes two veteran oriental planes, a huge old Ginkgo biloba, a couple of very large limes and some old mature chestnuts. It's often said by arborists who visit the gardens that if were not for the London plane, the Ginkgo would get all the attention! Elsewhere we have a weeping beech that is around 200 years old, a beautiful old silver birch and some veteran yews. We have longstanding relationships with arboricultural consultants, some of whom have cared for the trees over very many years, including prior to King's Ely's tenure.

Securing the tree's future

The tree continues to enjoy vigorous good health, with plenty of new-season extension growth on display this year. Knowing how long some of the cable bracing has been in place, together with our consultants we have considered how best to care for the tree into the future. Given its very special status, we sought advice from the Tree Council, the Woodland Trust and Kew. Several meetings later, we met with the Arboricultural Association, who proposed using the morphophysiology approach to surveying the tree.

We realised that we needed to have a whole-tree survey in order for us to fully understand the needs of the tree, and determine what is required to ensure its long-term health and vitality, whilst taking account of the tree's location within a school and a historically important conservation area.

Stefania Gasperini and Giovanni Morelli from AR.ES s.a.s. di Gasperini Stefania & C. and their team conducted a whole-tree morphophysiological survey from 15th to 17th July this year. Simon Richmond and Emma Gilmartin from the Arboricultural Association and Keith Sacre from Barcham Trees were in attendance to witness the survey in action. The attention to detail and level of understanding were impressive, with a narrative from Stefania and Giovanni that both clarified what we were seeing and informed us of the good health of the tree. A future article will go into the technical details, but suffice to say that a clear plan was formed for the care of the tree, including installation of new cable bracing with dynamic elements that will provide the necessary support whilst allowing the tree to move as naturally as possible. This, in combination with a multi-year precision pruning plan, will ensure that the tree continues to flourish well into the future.

Experts from the UK and beyond discussing the future of Ely's London plane, July 2024.

The morphophysiological approach to managing Ely's London plane is presented as the first of a series of case studies that the Arboricultural Association is introducing with important trees in the UK, to start to provide an evidence base of how this approach can be used effectively as part of the arboricultural options available to both consultants and practitioners.

Another innovation as part of the conservation project is real-time monitoring of the tree. The University of Cambridge Department of Engineering has installed accelerometers on the tree that, together with a data acquisition system, allow movement amplitude and frequency data to be captured. This will enable us to see how the tree behaves in all weather conditions throughout the seasons, and will provide a before-and-after comparison to monitor the effect of the new cable bracing once it has been installed. The Cambridge team aim to model the structural dynamics of the tree, allowing further analysis and research. They also carried out laser scan surveys earlier in the year and in the summer, providing a comparison of the tree with and without leaves.

National heritage

One reason the tree and its compatriots are in such good health is that the gardens are not accessible on a daily basis to the public. Whereas some notable trees have suffered as a result of too much human or animal activity, Ely's London plane enjoys privacy and the protection that goes with it.

We recognise that the tree is part of our national heritage and a community amenity, so we are making the tree and the Old Palace gardens more accessible when we can. Clearly we have to ensure safeguarding within the school environment, as well as continuing to protect and care for the tree, so this has to be done in a controlled way. Special events are arranged to provide access to the wider community and visitors. For example, working with the local tourist information centre, tours of historic Ely include a walk through the Old Palace gardens. During August, 75 artists attended an art weekend held in the Old Palace gardens to create artworks of the tree and its surroundings. Given the high level of interest in the tree, the event was reported on BBC Radio and TV, and on the BBC News website.

資料來源:

https://www.trees.org.uk/News-Blog/Latest-News/Conservation-of-Ely%E2%80%99s-London-plane?fbclid=IwY2xjawGwo5ZleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHRjIXc5B_PsSZRG9u9Zws_56RHn8TvKfD74d2UTAnJvuC4j7S4Rxn7WZ7Q_aem_h6BNSjZSv9mGc79HND2IJA

白橡樹修剪前後

樹木的形態生理學在診斷、預測和操作方面具有重要應用。

這棵受到艾米利亞-羅馬涅大區保護的歐洲白橡，正處於從豐滿期（Pierre Raimbault 的第 8 階段）向早老化階段（第 9 階段）過渡的過程中。其表現包括：枝梢乾枯、樹幹上的回縮迴圈生長、以及樹冠的臨時或永久性反轉現象。這棵大橡樹正逐漸將植被集中到靠近樹幹的地方，尤其是在樹幹的南側區域，重新向樹木的「引擎」——根系靠攏。

針對這棵樹的養護措施主要集中於樹頂部分的修剪，進行等級相當的樹幹選擇性修剪，以提高已存在回縮迴圈枝條的光合作用效率；而在樹側部分則進行了對後退生長枝條的回縮修剪。此外，還進行了全面的清理工作，包括去除乾枯、衰弱和受損的植被。

此次修剪的植被約占整體光合作用葉面積的 10%，作業由兩名繩索操作員和一名高空升降車操作員共同完成。

La morfofisiologia degli alberi ha un applicazione diagnostica, prognostica e operativa.

Questa Farnia, tutelata a livello regionale dall'Emilia Romagna, mostra il passaggio di testimone dalla fase di pienezza (stadio 8 Pierre Raimbault) alla fase di inizio vecchiaia (stadio 9 Pierre Raimbault): seccumi distali, reiterazioni arretrate sul fusto, inversione della chioma temporanea e permanente. La grande quercia sta cominciando a polarizzare la sua vegetazione sempre più vicino al fusto e nella parte meridionale dello stesso, riavvicinandosi così a quel "motore" che è l'apparato radicale.

Le cure protratte su questo esemplare sono state di contenimento sulla parte apicale effettuando un taglio di selezione tra tronchi equivalenti, così da migliorare anche le performance fotosintetiche dei reiterati arretrati già presenti, e di taglio di ritorno sulla parte laterale su epitoni arretrati. Il tutto è stato "condito" da una generale rimonda, ovvero l'asportazione di vegetazione secca, deperita e compromessa.

La vegetazione asportata sulla massa fotosintetizzante globale è stata circa del 10% e condotta con due operatori su fune e un operatore su PLE.

資料來源 :

FB Tedioli Stefano

懸鈴木修剪前後

在一個以樹木為主角的日子裡，怎能不分享一個關於一棵受到艾米利亞-羅馬涅大區保護的美麗懸鈴木的故事？

這棵宏偉的懸鈴木位於拉文納市區外不遠處，現在正處於生命的豐滿期（Pierre Raimbault 的第 8 階段），展現出它的獨特特徵：頂部樹幹上的連續分枝，以及枝條上的明顯向上生長性。然而，有些狀況讓情況稍顯複雜——它失去了兩根直徑 40 公分的巨大頂部樹幹（位於樹冠的右上橙色橢圓處），一根直徑 30 公分的主要大枝（右側橙色橢圓處），以及一些底部主枝上的扭曲斷裂（橙色虛線圓圈處）。

如果這些損失主要歸因於照片中顯示的Fomitiporia punctata 菌（具體原因尚不清楚），那麼可以推測這種真菌已大範圍向下蔓延，並導致與受感染主幹和分枝相關的衰退。此外，現在頂部的多根樹幹和四根粗大枝條因被孤立於當前樹冠之外，變得更容易因扭曲而斷裂或折枝。

事實上，這棵懸鈴木已經展現出典型的早老化階段特徵（Pierre Raimbault 的第 9 階段），一些大型內部迴圈分枝正逐漸形成其未來的最終樹冠（小圖綠色虛線圓圈處）。

雖然不容易解讀，但也不是完全無解！

針對這棵樹的修剪工作包括對頂部樹幹進行大幅縮減，選擇相對均衡的分枝進行保留，並對側枝上的回縮生長進行減少。此外，對枯萎、衰弱和受損的植被進行了一般性的清理，並針對數量過多或樹皮重疊的迴圈分枝進行篩選處理。

這項工作由一名高空升降車操作員與兩名繩索操作員共同完成，移除的植被約占總量的 15%。

接下來的操作將著重於進一步減少頂部植被，並「塑造」新的迴圈生長分枝。

祝大家有個愉快的植樹日，特別是對這棵位於 Borgo Montone 的懸鈴木！

In una giornata dove gli alberi sono protagonisti, come non condividere un lavoro su un bellissimo Platano tutelato dalla Regione Emilia Romagna.

Questo maestoso Platano, situato poco fuori il centro abitato di Ravenna, si trova nella fase di pienezza (stadio 8 Pierre Raimbault) con tutte le caretteristiche che lo contraddistinguono: reiterazioni sequenziali sui tronchi sommitali e una spiccata epitonia sulle branche. Quello che però mescola un po' le carte in tavola è la perdita di due enormi tronchi sommitali di 40 cm di diametro che andavano a completare la chioma (elissi arancioni in alto e a destra), una grossa branca primaria di 30 cm di diametro (elissi arancione a destra) e diverse rotture a torsione sulla branca primaria bassa (cerchio tratteggiato arancione). Se il deputato a queste tre importanti perdite è da ritenersi, come da foto, a Fomitiporia punctata (la genesi è ignota), va da sè che anche buona parte dei deperimenti associati sia ai tronchi che alle branche vegetate che si dipanano poco sotto di esse, fa presumere una sostanziale progressione del fungo a scendere. Inoltre i vari tronchi sommitali e quattro grosse branche ora si trovavano in posizioni isolate e "fuori" dalla chioma attuale, ergo maggiormente suscettibili a stroncatore e sbrancamenti a torsione.

Di fatto anche in questo esemplare in realtà vediamo la tipica espressione di una fase di inizio vecchiaia (stadio 9 Pierre Raimbault) dove tutta una serie di reiterazioni arretrate e interne di grandi dimensioni stanno componendo quella che sarà la sua chioma definitiva (cerchio tratteggiato in verde foto piccola).

Non facile da interpretare, ma non impossibile!

Gli interventi di potatura sono stati eseguiti attraverso una sostanziale riduzione dei tronchi sommitali attraverso una selezione tra equivalenti e una riduzione su epitoni arretrati sulle branche laterali. Il tutto con una generale rimonda (vegetazione secca, deperita e compromessa) e una selezione dei tronchi reiterati arretrati laddove erano in soprannumero o presentavano cortecce incluse.

Le operazioni sono state svolte da un operatore su PLE e due operatori su fune. La vegetazione asportata è stata del 15%.

Le prossime operazioni da svolgersi saranno indirizzate a ridurre ulteriormente soprattutto la vegetazione sommitale e a "formare" i nuovi reiterati arretrati.

Una buona giornata degli alberi a tutti voi e in questo caso soprattutto al Platano di Borgo Montone!

資料來源:

FB Tedioli Stefano

未來城市：蟲禍3年管理不得法粉嶺老榕失救

老樹座標 22°29'46.0"N 114°08'04.9"E

明報專訊】鄉郊村民拜土地公，祈求保佑全家出入平安，無災無憂。粉嶺南圍有個土地公神壇，神壇後面有棵大榕樹，樹大有枯枝，禿枝漸漸生不出嫩芽，枯枝更幾度墜落恐生災。經市民投訴後，地政總署早前派員考察，左鋸鋸右鋸鋸，無補於事，認為樹木仍有潛在風險，上周四（21日）正式派人移除。自2021年起監測上述大榕樹情况的康文署前高級康樂助理員、退休樹藝師袁達成感慨，榕樹之死與蛾害有莫大關係，背後更涉及連串樹木管理問題。發展局曾表示榕樹與蛾蟲並存是正常現象，蛾蟲啃食樹葉，樹葉減少，外觀變差，但不會對樹木整體健康和結構狀况造成嚴重影響。上述榕樹恐成反面教材。

樹葉重生速度追不上蛾蟲啃葉

記者於本月6日隨袁達成到粉嶺南圍觀察，大榕樹下放滿村民棄置的土地公牌和神像，還有垃圾，樹枝有掛過繩子的痕迹，猜想村民或許把這棵樹當作伯公樹般供奉，或當作林村許願樹般祈福。問過在村子公廁工作20多年的許婆婆，她說大榕樹下的神像和牌子都是村民丟棄的家居垃圾，「無人敢清理（遭棄置的神像），至少我不敢」。榕樹平日無人打理，亦非村民的許願樹。她續稱該榕樹以前枝葉茂盛，樹蔭至出面的行車路、公廁外行人路的梯級，去年卻見禿，不再生葉。「它原本好靚，樹葉好綠，就這樣枯死很可惜。」

袁達成說粉嶺南圍大榕樹長不出葉涉多項因素，他與義工留意到大榕樹自2021年受朱紅毛斑蛾蠶食，每年三受蟲害所侵，每次動用自身儲備修復，「一般重新長葉要用一至兩個月」。他們今年曾就榕樹蛾害致電1823投訴，「那時（樹木管理人員）應該修剪了（枝幹），這做法反而太誇張，是斬腳趾避沙蟲，因為樹木大部分食物是枝幹製造，這樣做如截肢」。他說針對蟲害應噴灑殺蟲藥，而非直接修剪，擴大傷口。

大榕樹木質部分經颱風吹襲或人為修剪受損，袁說再鋸掉樹枝會暴露其傷口。「容易有其他真菌感染，真菌感染其實可以（發展得）好緩慢，也可以沒事，但有時會似人有急病般忽然出事。」微小的傷口足以讓真菌的孢子入侵樹木。記者現場所見，大榕樹的樹皮裂開，樹幹受真菌感染長出菇類，那朵象牙白色的菇菌像一瓣椰子片，袁達成說那是多孔菌目的真菌，它是會寄生的腐生菌，能降解木材，造成白腐病及破壞樹木結構，形成安全隱患。

修剪樹木很常見，可以讓餘下的枝條獲得較多水分、養分、陽光及空間，改善樹的結構。可是，若樹木的能量儲備幾近耗盡，再剪去其枝條，會奪去它僅餘的能量。「或者他們認為修剪它能刺激生長，但再鋸它，它的傷口不會癒合，這樣會致死，這些不當修剪會令棵樹回天乏術。」

今年7月袁再到訪，只見榕樹葉已被蛾蟲啃光光，樹枝也被蛀爛，至今沒生新出葉（refoliation）5個月。食葉蛾蟲的發育周期隨氣溫上升而縮短，牠們繁殖得更快，樹葉重生速度或未能追上牠們的啃葉速度，樹葉數量減少降低榕樹製造食物的能力。榕樹消耗能量之餘，也沒綠葉進行光合作用製造食物，製造的食物不足造成入不敷支。袁達成相信榕樹因此「碳飢餓」，其生理損害無法逆轉，正步入死亡，不一定如發展局所言不會影響樹木的整體健康和結構狀况。

樹木「臉色」反映狀况

袁達成形容樹像人一樣，可以觀察臉色，若樹木尚算健康，其樹皮應保留原有顏色，例如健康細葉榕樹皮應為淺褐棕色，生病時變為深啡色，色澤暗啞。「你看它有很多古靈精怪的顏色，那已不正常。」那麼粉嶺南圍這棵大榕樹是否證實死亡，有塌樹危機？樹木腐爛和樹枝無故折斷跌落等是肉眼可見的表徵，但袁達成說每個樹藝師檢查的出發點不一樣，不能僅憑肉眼判斷，須用儀器輔助，例如以超聲波探測木質，看剩餘木質能否支撐樹木。

大埔梧桐寨村有村民自2019年向村長投訴枯樹樹枝掉落，村長曾多次致電地政處投訴，獲回覆稱該樹沒即時危險，但枯樹為村民拜神經過之地，村長憂再有樹枝砸倒村民，2022年決定自行鋸樹，卻被樹木擊斃。村長的死因研訊報道指死者不是註冊樹藝師，亦沒考取任何樹木風險評估等專業資格；曾勘察涉案枯樹的樹藝師先後3次建議「移除」該樹，並交予地政處審批。倘樹木有嚴重傾斜或打風後倒塌等即時風險，才會建議「即時移除」。

粉嶺南圍大榕樹的綠葉變枯枝，主幹和側枝等部分有不同程度的樹皮爆裂和真菌感染，顯然變得脆弱，袁達成和義工憂榕樹有倒塌風險，通報政府熱線1823，以免大埔梧桐寨塌樹意外重演。

記者向地政總署查詢粉嶺南圍榕樹的情况，獲回覆指署方今年10月28日接獲1823轉介粉嶺南圍一棵榕樹的投訴，並於同日指派承辦商跟進。承辦商檢查該樹後，於11 月8 日移除部分枯枝，地政總署審閱承辦商提交的樹木風險評估報告後，指該樹仍對公眾構成潛在風險，於是指示承辦商移除該樹，工程於上周四（21日）開展。

榕樹屬官地無人打理

上周四記者再到粉嶺南圍考察，現場木屑紛飛，地政總署指派的承辦商人員正鋸斷榕樹部分樹枝，通往榕樹的路口用膠帶圍封，有一名穿着拖鞋的男子全程逗留工程範圍——男子叫彭心，原來那棵大榕樹是他叔父幼時親手栽種的。彭心住在粉嶺南圍40多年，他說大榕樹去年逐漸枯萎，數度有枯枝墜落，差點砸到清潔公廁的許婆婆和夜晚乘涼的村民，遂報警處理。「那墜落的樹枝有頭圍般粗，人身般長。」彭心續稱，他今年初開始致電1823申訴，投訴幾次，「斬過幾次，修剪過幾次，要真的報警才認真處理」。彭認為署方雖有跟進，但行動緩慢。「這行人路是村民出入的必經之路，還好那幾次樹枝墜落沒搞出人命，現在終於有大規模（移除）行動。」

大榕樹雖由彭心的叔父私人種植，但粉嶺圍村前土地於1980年代交予政府發展道路和公共設施，故大榕樹的範圍屬官地，變相無村民主動打理。若非枯枝跌落，危及村民人身安全，彭心不欲斬掉榕樹。「榕樹有靈性的，我們當然不想斬，我跟他們（承辦商）溝通了，只斬到3樓的位置，餘下的部分如果有環保人士懂得救救它就好了。」

袁達成說枯枝墜落頻率無法預料，署方發現危險時應即時圍封有關範圍，警誡行人。大榕樹下的垃圾無人清理，袁估計大榕樹的土地範圍缺乏恆常管理，或是「有投訴才做」。他發現大榕樹的主幹裂開，應是無法起死回生，他感慨若能及早在整棵樹枯死前處理好蟲害，恆常施肥澆水，榕樹或許有救。

樹藝員不足地署：精簡工作流程

袁達成與義工人手有限，沒能全面考察香港所有樹木，據他粗略統計北區和元朗區至少共有3棵大樹出現類似的「碳飢餓」情况，小型的樹木則有數十棵，「全港應該也好多」。他續稱，以前在康文署工作時，樹木管理人員會按指引巡查所有樹木，「一年起碼有兩次，不論大棵細棵都檢查」，並記錄樹木的健康狀况，包括蟲害和特殊環境改變，例如樹木附近是否突然有地盤施工。

發展局局長甯漢豪今年5月書面回覆立法會議員陸頌雄提問，表示主要樹木管理部門護理的樹木數目約有158.9萬，樹木管理人員數目有1,344人，即平均每人須負責約1,182棵樹；另地政總署管轄未撥用和未批租的政府土地，不定期護養範圍內的樹木，所涉樹木繁多，不具詳細數字，但地政總署有215人負責樹木管理。

樹藝專業人員恐不足以應付恆常管理，但袁達成認為比起發展局樹木辦事處（樹木辦）初成立時，平均每人要負責2至4萬棵樹大有進步。目前的管理桎梏是樹木辦只承認自己是樹木政策制定部門，沒有監察執行責任；各樹木管理部門沒能互相協調，或未能執行樹木辦指引和措施，處理樹木問題的手法有出入。袁又說人手多寡只會影響執行人員的工作心態，但是「絕不會、也不該影響工作果效，政策制定、執行、監察完善才是重點」。

地政總署表示，署方自2023年起實施一系列加強「風險為本」的樹木投訴處理安排，包括精簡「須優先處理」個案（例如枯樹）的工作流程，縮短移除有潛在風險樹木的時間；承辦商移除樹木前，需在現場張貼告示列出移除時間和圍封該樹木，避免公眾人士在附近逗留；以及加強與投訴人就投訴跟進的溝通。另外，署方亦簡化了報告格式及在新植物護養合約加入優化建議，以加快承辦商的樹木風險評估及施工期限等。

【救樹篇】

文˙ 姚超雯

{ 圖 } 姚超雯

{ 美術 } 朱勁培

{ 編輯 } 周淑樺

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原文網址：https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%E5%89%AF%E5%88%8A/article/20241124/s00005/1732378406837

資料來源:

原文網址：https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%E5%89%AF%E5%88%8A/article/20241124/s00005/1732378406837